Isizukulwana esilandelayo sobuchwephesha obungenazingcingo sizaliswe yimiceli mngeni, kodwa oko akulithobanga isantya.
Le teknoloji inamazinga aphezulu kakhulu edatha, i-latency ephantsi kakhulu kune-4G LTE, kunye nokukwazi ukuphatha kakhulu ukuxinana kwesixhobo kwisayithi yeseli nganye.Ngamafutshane, yeyona teknoloji ilungileyo yokusingatha umkhukula wedatha eyenziwe ngababonisi beemoto, izixhobo ze-IoT kwaye, ngokunyuka, isizukulwana esilandelayo sombane.
Amandla okuqhuba emva kobu buchwepheshe bubuchwephesha obutsha bomoya oza kwenza ukuba abaqhubi benethiwekhi yeselula bafezekise impumelelo enkulu kunye nolwabiwo lwe-spectrum efanayo.Uluhlu olutsha lwenethiwekhi luya kwenza kube lula ukusebenza kunye neenethiwekhi ze-5G ezicandiweyo ngokukuvumela ukuba unikeze ngokuguquguqukayo iintlobo ezininzi zetrafikhi ngokusekwe kwiimfuno ezithile zetrafikhi.
"Kumalunga ne-bandwidth kunye ne-latency," kusho uMichael Thompson, i-RF Solutions Architect kwi-Cadence's Custom ICs kunye ne-PCBs Group.“Ndingakhawuleza kangakanani ukufumana isixa esikhulu sedatha?Enye inzuzo kukuba le yinkqubo eguquguqukayo, ngoko indigcina inkathazo yokubopha itshaneli yonke okanye iziteshi ezininzi ze-bandwidth.Oku kuyafana nokuhanjiswa kwemfuno, kuxhomekeke kwisicelo.Yile nto.Ngaloo ndlela, ibhetyebhetye ngakumbi kunomgangatho wesizukulwana sangaphambili.Ukongeza, umthamo wayo uphezulu kakhulu. ”
Oku kuvula amathuba amatsha ezicelo kubomi bemihla ngemihla, kwimisitho yezemidlalo, kushishino nakwizothutho."Ukuba ndibeka i-sensor ezaneleyo kwindiza, ndiyakwazi ukuyilawula, kunye nesicelo esifana nokufunda komatshini, kuya kuqala ukuqonda xa inxalenye, inkqubo okanye inkqubo kufuneka ilungiswe okanye ithathelwe indawo," kusho uThompson.“Ke kukho inqwelomoya ebhabha elizweni kwaye iza kumisa eLaGuardia.Yima, umntu uya kuza kwaye ayibuyisele.Oku kuya kwizixhobo zokushukuma komhlaba ezikhulu kakhulu, kunye nezixhobo zemigodi apho inkqubo ijongana nayo.Ufuna ukuthintela ezi zixhobo zeeyunithi zeedola ezizizigidi ngezigidi ekuweni ukuze zingahlali apho zilinde ukuba kuthunyelwe iindawo. Uza kufumana idatha kumawaka ezi yunithi ngexesha elinye.Kuthatha i-bandwidth eninzi. kunye ne-latency ephantsi yokufumana ulwazi ngokukhawuleza.Ukuba ufuna ukujika kwaye uthumele into emva, nawe ungayithumela ngokukhawuleza okukhulu."
Iteknoloji enye, ukuphunyezwa okuninzi Igama elithi 5G lisetyenziswe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kule mihla.Ngeyona ndlela iqhelekileyo, le yinguquko yetekhnoloji engenazingcingo eya kuvumela iinkonzo ezintsha ukuba zilawulwe kujongano lomoya oqhelekileyo, ucacisile uColin Alexander, umlawuli wentengiso engenazingcingo kwishishini leziseko ezingundoqo leArm."Iindlela ezininzi ezikhoyo nezintsha ziya kwabelwa ukuthwala i-traffic ukusuka kwi-1 GHz kwimigama emide, indawo ephantsi kwedolophu kunye nebanzi, kunye ne-millimeter-wave traffic ukusuka kwi-26 ukuya kwi-60 GHz kumthamo omtsha ophezulu, iimeko ezisezantsi zokusetyenziswa."
I-Next Generation Mobile Network Alliance (NGMN) kunye nabanye baye baqulunqa inqaku elibonisa iimeko zokusetyenziswa kumanqaku amathathu onxantathu-enye ikona yokuphucula i-broadband yeselula, enye i-ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC).Uhlobo lomatshini wonxibelelwano.Ngamnye kubo ufuna uhlobo olwahluke ngokupheleleyo lwenethiwekhi kwiimfuno zabo.
"Oku kukhokelela kwenye imfuneko ye-5G, imfuneko yokuchaza inethiwekhi engundoqo," kusho u-Alexander."Inethiwekhi engundoqo iya kuzilinganisa ngokufanelekileyo zonke ezi ntlobo zahlukeneyo zetrafikhi."
Uqaphele ukuba abaqhubi benethiwekhi ephathwayo basebenzela ukubonelela ngeyona ndlela iguquguqukayo yophuculo kunye nokwandiswa kothungelwano lwabo, besebenzisa ukuphunyezwa kwesoftware esebenzayo kunye nekhonteyina esebenza kwihardware yekhompyuter eqhelekileyo efini.
Ngokumalunga neentlobo zetrafikhi ze-URLLC, ezi zicelo ngoku zinokulawulwa kwilifu.Kodwa oku kufuna ukuhambisa ezinye ulawulo kunye nemisebenzi yomsebenzisi kufutshane nomda wothungelwano, kujongano lomoya.Umzekelo, qwalasela iirobhothi ezikrelekrele kwimizi-mveliso ezifuna uthungelwano lwe-latency ephantsi ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.Oku kuya kufuna iibhloko ze-edge computing, nganye ene-computing, isitoreji, i-acceleration, kunye nobuchule bokufunda umatshini, kwaye ezinye kodwa kungekhona zonke i-V2X kunye neenkonzo zesicelo semoto ziya kuba neemfuno ezifanayo, uAlexander uthi.
"Kwiimeko apho kufuneka ukubambezeleka okuphantsi, ukusetyenzwa kunokuphinda kuhanjiswe emdeni ukubala kunye nokunxibelelana nezisombululo zeV2X.Ukuba isicelo singaphezulu malunga nolawulo lwezixhobo, ezinjengendawo yokupaka okanye umkhondo womenzi, ikhompuyutha inokuba yikhompyuter enkulu yamafu. ”kwisixhobo ", - uthe.
Ukuyila i-5G Iinjineli zoyilo ezinikwe umsebenzi wokuyila iitshiphusi ze-5G, zininzi iziqwenga ezihambayo kwiphazili, nganye ineseti yayo yokuqwalaselwa.Ngokomzekelo, kwizikhululo ezisisiseko, enye yeengxaki eziphambili kukusetyenziswa kwamandla.
"Uninzi lwezikhululo ezisisiseko zenzelwe i-ASIC kunye ne-FPGA node zobuchwepheshe," kusho uGeoff Tate, i-CEO yeFlex Logix.“Okwangoku, ziyilwe kusetyenziswa iiSerDes, ezidla amandla amaninzi kwaye zithatha indawo enkulu.Ukuba unokwakha ukucwangciswa kwenkqubo kwi-ASIC unganciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye neenyawo kuba awudingi i-SerDes ukuba ibaleke ngokukhawuleza kwi-chip kwaye une-bandwidth ethe kratya phakathi kwe-programmable logic kunye ne-ASICs i-Intel ikwenza oku ngokubeka i-Xeons kunye ne-Altera FPGA iphakheji efanayo Ke ngoko ufumana amaxesha angama-100 ngaphezulu kwe-bandwidth Izinto ezinomdla malunga nezikhululo ezisisiseko Okokuqala, uphuhlisa itekhnoloji kwaye emva koko unokuthengisa kwaye uyisebenzise kwihlabathi liphela.Ngefowuni ephathwayo, unokwenza iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo kumazwe ahlukeneyo. ”
Iimfuno zahlukile kwizixhobo ezifakwe kwinethiwekhi engundoqo kunye nelifu.Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo eziqwalaselwayo luyilo olwenza kube lula ukulawula isoftware kwaye kube lula ukusebenzisa iimeko zokusebenzisa izixhobo.
“I-ecosystem yemigangatho yokuphatha iinkonzo zesikhongozeli esibonakalayo ezifana ne-OPNFV (I-Open Platform ye-Network Function Virtualization) ibaluleke kakhulu,” utshilo u-Arm's Alexander."Ukulawula unxibelelwano phakathi kwezinto zenethiwekhi kunye nokugcwala phakathi kwezixhobo ngokusebenzisa i-orchestration yenkonzo nako kuya kuba ngundoqo.I-ONAP (i-Open Network Automation Platform) ngumzekelo.Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwesixhobo kukwalukhetho oluphambili loyilo. "
Kumda womnatha, iimfuno zibandakanya i-latency ephantsi, i-bandwidth yezinga eliphezulu lomsebenzisi, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi.
"Ii-accelerators kufuneka zikwazi ukuxhasa ngokulula iimfuno ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zokubala ezingahlali ziphathwa kakuhle yi-CPU yenjongo ngokubanzi," utshilo uAlexander.Ukukwazi ukulinganisa kubaluleke kakhulu.Inkxaso yolwakhiwo olunokulinganisa ngokulula phakathi kwe-ASICs, ii-ASSPs, kunye ne-FPGAs nayo ibalulekile, njengoko i-edge computing iya kusasazwa kuthungelwano lwalo naluphi na ubungakanani nakuso nasiphi na isixhobo.Ukwandiswa kwesoftware nako kubalulekile. ”
I-5G inokubangela utshintsho kuyilo lwe-chipset, ngakumbi apho iirediyo zikhoyo.URon Lowman uthe ngelixa iziphelo zangaphambili ze-analog zezisombululo ze-LTE zibekwe kunomathotholo, iprosesa, okanye idityaniswe ngokupheleleyo, xa amaqela oyilo efudukela kwitekhnoloji entsha, ezo ziphelo zangaphambili zihlala ziphuma kwi-chip kuqala kwaye emva koko zibuyele kuyo. .njengoko iteknoloji ihambela phambili Yena, iSynopsys IoT yoMphathi weNtengiso yeQhinga.
"Ngokufika kwe-5G, kulindeleke ukuba iirediyo ezininzi, iteknoloji ephezulu kakhulu, kwaye ngokukhawuleza, i-node zeteknoloji eziphambili ezifana ne-12nm nangaphezulu ziya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kumacandelo adibeneyo," kusho u-Lowman."Oku kufuna ukuba abaguquli bedatha abangena kwi-analog interface ukuze bakwazi ukuphatha ii-gigasamples ngomzuzwana.Ukuthembeka okuphezulu nako kusoloko kubalulekile.Izinto ezifana ne-spectrum evulekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-Wi-Fi kwenza kube nzima kakhulu kunokuba kwakunjalo kwixesha elidlulileyo.Ukuzama ukujongana nayo yonke into engengomsebenzi olula, kwaye ukufunda ngomatshini kunye nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunokulungela ukwenza umsebenzi onzima.Oku ke, kuchaphazela uyilo, njengoko ingalayishi kuphela ukusetyenzwa, kodwa kunye nenkumbulo. ”
UThompson waseCadence uyavuma."Njengoko siphuhlisa i-5G okanye i-IoT kwimigangatho ephezulu ye-802.11 kunye neengqwalasela ze-ADAS, sizama ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukuba nexabiso eliphantsi, libe lincinci kwaye linyuse ukusebenza ngokufudukela kwiindawo ezincinci.Thelekisa oku kumxube wakho weenkxalabo, ezibonwa kwiRussian Federation, ”utshilo.“Njengokuba iindawo zisiba ncinci, ii-ICs ziba ncinci.Ukuze i-IC isebenzise ngokupheleleyo ubungakanani bayo obuncinci, kufuneka ibe kwiphakheji encinci.Kukho into ebangela ukuba izinto zibe ncinci kwaye zibambene ngakumbi, kodwa ayisiyonto ilungileyo leyo. ”kuYilo lweRF”.“…ngokulinganisa, andinaxhala kakhulu malunga nefuthe lesekethe ekusasazeni.Ukuba ndineqhekeza lentsimbi, inokubonakala ngathi yi-resistor kancinane, kodwa ibonakala ngathi yi-resistor kuzo zonke iifrikhwensi.Ukuba sisiphumo seRF, ke yilayini yothumelo, iya kujongeka yahlukile ngokuxhomekeke kwifrikhwensi endiyithumelayo phezu kwayo.Le mihlaba iya kuqhutywa kwezinye iindawo zekhonkco.Ngoku ndiqokelele yonke into kufutshane enye kwenye kwaye xa yenza, udibaniso Isidanga kwandisa exponentially.Xa ndifika kwiindawo ezincinci, ezi ziphumo zokudibanisa ziba zivela ngakumbi, nto leyo ethetha ukuba i-voltage bias incinci.Ngoko ingxolo isiphumo esikhulu kuba andikhethi cala isixhobo phantsi. amandla ombane asezantsi, inqanaba lengxolo elifanayo linesiphumo esingakumbi.Uninzi lwezi ngxaki zikhoyo kwinqanaba lenkqubo kwi-5G. "
Ugxininiso olutsha ekuthembekeni Ukuthembeka kuthathe intsingiselo entsha kunxibelelwano olungenazingcingo njengoko ezi chips zisetyenziswa kwiimoto, kwimizi-mveliso nakwizicelo zonyango.Oku ngokuqhelekileyo akunxulumananga nonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo, apho ukungaphumeleli koqhagamshelwano, ukuthotywa komgangatho wokusebenza, okanye nawuphi na umba onokuthi uphazamise inkonzo ubonwa njengento ephazamisayo njengendawo yokhuseleko.
"Kufuneka sifumane iindlela ezintsha zokuqinisekisa ukuba ii-chips zokhuseleko ezisebenzayo ziya kusebenza ngokuthembekileyo," utshilo uRoland Jahnke, iNtloko yeeNdlela zokuYila kwiFraunhofer EAS.“Njengeshishini, asikabikho.Sizama ukuyila inkqubo yophuhliso ngoku.Kufuneka sijonge ukuba amalungu kunye nezixhobo zisebenzisana njani, kwaye sinomsebenzi omninzi wokuqinisekisa ukungaguquguquki. ”
UJahnke uphawule ukuba ukuza kuthi ga ngoku uninzi lweengxaki lube ngenxa yempazamo yoyilo olunye.“Kuthekani ukuba kukho iincukuthu ezimbini okanye ezintathu?Umqinisekisi kufuneka axelele umyili ukuba yintoni enokungahambi kakuhle kwaye ziphi na iibugs, aze azibuyisele umva ngexesha lenkqubo yoyilo. "
Oku kuye kwaba ngumba omkhulu kwiimarike ezininzi ezibalulekileyo zokhuseleko, kwaye umba omkhulu ongenazingcingo kunye neemoto linani elihlala lisanda lezinto eziguquguqukayo kumacala omabini."Ezinye zazo kufuneka ziyilelwe ukuba zihlale ziqhubeka," utshilo u-Oliver King, i-CTO yaseMoortec.“Ukumodareyitha kwangaphambili kunokuxela kwangaphambili indlela izinto eziza kusetyenziswa ngayo.Kunzima ukuqikelela.Kuya kuthatha ixesha ukubona indlela izinto ezisebenza ngayo. ”
Uthungelwano lwelali luyafuneka.Nangona kunjalo, iinkampani ezaneleyo zivakalelwa kukuba i-5G ineenzuzo ezaneleyo zokuthethelela umzamo wokwakha iziseko ezifunekayo ukuze zonke zisebenze.
UMagdi Abadir, usekela-mongameli wentengiso e-Helic, uthe umahluko omkhulu kunye ne-5G iya kuba ngezantya zedatha ezinikezelwayo.“I-5G inokusebenza ngesantya ukusuka kwi-10 ukuya kwi-20 yeegigabhithi ngomzuzwana.Isiseko kufuneka sixhase uhlobo lokudluliselwa kwedatha, kwaye iichips kufuneka ziqhube le datha ingenayo.Kwabamkeli kunye nabathumeli kwiibhendi ezingaphezu kwe-100 GB, i-frequency kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo.Kwi-Russian Federation, zisetyenziselwa ukuphindaphinda kwe-70 GHz kwiirada kunye nokunye.
Ukudala esi siseko ngumsebenzi onzima odibanisa amakhonkco amaninzi kwikhonkco lokubonelela nge-elektroniki.
“Umlingo ekuthethwa ngawo ukwenza oku kuzama ukudibanisa ngakumbi kwicala leRF ye-SoC,” utshilo u-Abadir.Ukudityaniswa ne-analog ADC kunye namacandelo e-DAC anezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lesampulu.Yonke into kufuneka idityaniswe kwi-SoC efanayo.Sikubonile ukudityaniswa kunye nokuxoxa ngemiba yokudibanisa, kodwa oku kubaxa yonke into kuba ibeka injongo ephezulu kwaye inyanzela abaphuhlisi ukuba badibanise nangaphezulu kunokuba bekucingelwa ngaphambili.Kunzima kakhulu ukwahlula yonke into kwaye ungachaphazeli iziphaluka eziselumelwaneni. ”
Ukusuka kulo mbono, i-2G ngokuyinhloko yokuhanjiswa kwezwi, ngelixa i-3G kunye ne-4G zigqithise ukuhanjiswa kwedatha kunye nenkxaso efanelekileyo.Ngokuchasene noko, i-5G imele ukwanda kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, iinkonzo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokwanda kwe-bandwidth.
"Iimodeli ezitsha zokusetyenziswa ezifana ne-broadband ephuculweyo ye-mobile kunye ne-low latency connectivity idinga ukunyuka kwe-10x kwi-bandwidth," watsho uMike Fitton, uMcwangcisi weSicwangciso kunye neNgcali yoPhuhliso lwezoShishino e-Achronix.Ukongeza, i-5G kulindeleke ukuba ibaluleke kakhulu kwi-V2X, ngakumbi kwisizukulwana esilandelayo se-5G.I-5G Release 16 iya kuba ne-URLLC ebaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo ze-V2X.Usetyenziso lohlobo lwenethiwekhi.
Ukucwangciswa kwekamva elingaqinisekanga le-5G lihlala lijongwa njengoluhlu lwezinto ezibalaseleyo kunye ne-10x ngaphezulu kwe-bandwidth, i-5x latency, kunye ne-5-10x izixhobo ezininzi.Oku kuyinkimbinkimbi kukuba i-inki kwi-5G specs ayomile kakhulu.Kuhlala kukho izongezo zasemva kwexesha ezifuna ukuguquguquka kwaye zijike zibe yinkqubo.
"Ukuba uthathela ingqalelo iimfuno ezimbini ezinkulu zekhonkco ledatha ye-hardware ngenxa ye-bandwidth ephezulu kunye nesidingo sokuguquguquka, oku kuthetha ukuba mhlawumbi uya kufuna uhlobo oluthile lwe-SoC ezinikeleyo okanye i-ASIC enokucwangciswa ngakumbi phakathi kwe-hardware kunye nesofthiwe.... ukuba ujonga iqonga ngalinye le-5G namhlanje, zonke zisekwe kwiiFPGAs kuba awuboni nje imveliso.Ngaxa lithile, zonke ii-OEM ezinkulu ezingenazingcingo zinokuthi zihambe ziye kuqoqosho oluthe kratya kunye nesoftware ephuculweyo ye-ASIC yamandla, kodwa ifuna ukuguquguquka kunye nokuqhuba ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla.Imalunga nokugcina ubhetyebhetye apho uyidinga khona (kwii-FPGAs okanye ii-FPGA ezizinzisiweyo) kwaye emva koko wongeze ukusebenza apho kunokwenzeka ukuphumeza elona xabiso liphantsi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla.”
UTate weFlex Logix uyavuma.“Zingaphezu kwekhulu iinkampani ezisebenza kule ndawo.I-spectrum yahlukile, iprotocol yahlukile, kwaye iichips ezisetyenzisiweyo zahlukile.I-chip ephindayo iya kuba namandla ngakumbi kwiindonga zesakhiwo, apho kunokubakho indawo apho i-eFPGA ibaluleke ngakumbi. "
Amabali aNxulumeneyo Indlela yeRocky ukuya ku-5G Ingaba obu buchwephesha obutsha obungenazingcingo buya kuhamba kangakanani, kwaye yeyiphi imingeni ekusafuneka yoyiswe?Uvavanyo olungenazingcingo lujongene nemingeni emitsha Ukufika kwe-5G kunye nezinye iitekhnoloji ezintsha ezingenazingcingo kwenza uvavanyo lube nzima ngakumbi.Uvavanyo olungenacingo sisisombululo esinye esinokwenzeka.Itekhnoloji yeNtetho: Yintoni i-5G, umgangatho omtsha ongenazingcingo, ithetha ntoni kwishishini letekhnoloji kwaye yeyiphi imingeni ezayo.I-5G yokuHlola i-Equipment Race iqala Isizukulwana esilandelayo sobuchwepheshe obungenazintambo sisaphuhliswa, kodwa abathengisi bezixhobo balungele ukuvavanya i-5G kwi-pilot deployments.
Ishishini lenze inkqubela ekuqondeni indlela ukuguga kuchaphazela ngayo ukuthembeka, kodwa izinto eziguquguqukayo ezininzi zenza kube nzima ukulungisa.
Iqela lihlola amandla ezinto ze-2D, imemori ye-NAND ye-1000, kunye neendlela ezintsha zokuqesha italente.
Ukudityaniswa okungafaniyo kunye nokwanda koxinaniso kwiindawo ezingaphambili ngaphambili kubangela imiceli mngeni kunye nemingeni eyoyikisayo yokwenziwa kwe-IC kunye nokupakishwa.
Ukuqinisekiswa kweprosesa kunzima kakhulu kune-ASIC yobukhulu obunokuthelekisana, kwaye iiprosesa zeRISC-V zongeza omnye umaleko wobunzima.
I-127 yokuqalisa inyuse i-2.6 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, kunye nenkxaso-mali ebalulekileyo ephakanyiswe luqhagamshelwano lweziko ledatha, i-computing ye-quantum kunye neebhetri.
Ishishini lenze inkqubela ekuqondeni indlela ukuguga kuchaphazela ngayo ukuthembeka, kodwa izinto eziguquguqukayo ezininzi zenza kube nzima ukulungisa.
Uyilo lwe-Heterogeneous, ukungahambelani kwe-thermal kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kunokuchaphazela yonke into ukusuka ekugugeni okukhawulezileyo ukuya kwi-warping kunye nokusilela kwenkqubo.
Umgangatho omtsha wememori wongeza izibonelelo ezibalulekileyo, kodwa usabiza kwaye kunzima ukuyisebenzisa.Oku kunokutshintsha.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-16-2023