Yintoni iMIMO?

1.   Yintoni iMIMO?

Ngeli xesha lokunxibelelana, iifowuni eziphathwayo, njengefestile yethu yokunxibelelana nehlabathi langaphandle, kubonakala ngathi ibe yinxalenye yemizimba yethu.

Kodwa ifowuni ephathwayo ayikwazi ukusefa i-intanethi ngokwayo, uthungelwano lonxibelelwano ngeefowuni eziphathwayo sele lubalulekile njengamanzi nombane ebantwini.Xa usefa kwi-intanethi, awuziva ukubaluleka kwala magorha asemva kwe-scenes.Xa sele umkile, uziva ngathi awusakwazi ukuphila.

Kwakukho ixesha, i-intanethi yeefowuni eziphathwayo yayihlawuliswa yi-traffic, ingeniso yomntu oqhelekileyo ngamakhulu ambalwa, kodwa i-1MHz kufuneka ichithe ingqekembe.Ngoko, xa ubona i-Wi-Fi, uya kuziva ukhuselekile.

Makhe sibone ukuba ijongeka njani irutha engenazingcingo.

8 i-eriyali, ibonakala njengezigcawu.

Ngaba umqondiso ungangena kwiindonga ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu?Okanye ngaba isantya se-intanethi siya kuphinda kabini?

Ezi ziphumo zinokufezekiswa yi-router, kwaye ifezekiswa ngee-antenna ezininzi, iteknoloji eyaziwayo ye-MIMO.

I-MIMO, eyi-Multi-input Multi output.

Kunzima ukucinga ukuba, akunjalo?Yintoni i-Multi-input Multi-output, ii-eriyali zinokufikelela njani kuzo zonke iziphumo?Xa usebenzisa i-intanethi ngentambo yenethiwekhi, uqhagamshelo phakathi kwekhompyuter kunye ne-intanethi yintambo ebonakalayo, ngokucacileyo.Ngoku makhe sicinge xa ​​sisebenzisa ii-eriyali ukuthumela imiqondiso emoyeni sisebenzisa amaza ombane.Umoya usebenza njengocingo kodwa uyinto ebonakalayo, ijelo lokuhambisa imiqondiso ebizwa ngokuba yitshaneli engenazingcingo.

Ke, ungayenza njani i-intanethi ngokukhawuleza?

Ewe ulungile!Inokusonjululwa ngezinye ii-eriyali ezimbalwa, iingcingo ezimbalwa ngakumbi kunye ukuthumela kunye nokwamkela idatha.I-MIMO yenzelwe itshaneli engenazingcingo.

Ngokufanayo neerotha ezingenazingcingo, isikhululo sesiseko se-4G kunye nefowuni yakho ephathwayo yenza into enye.

Enkosi kwiTekhnoloji ye-MIMO, edityaniswe ngokuqinileyo ne-4G, sinokufumana isantya esikhawulezayo se-intanethi.Ngaxeshanye, iindleko zabaqhubi beemfonomfono zehle kakhulu;singachitha imali encinci ukufumana isantya esikhawulezayo nesingenasiphelo se-intanethi.Ngoku sinokususa ekugqibeleni ukuxhomekeka kwethu kwi-Wi-Fi kwaye sisefa i-intanethi ngalo lonke ixesha.

Ngoku, mandikwazise ukuba yintoni i-MIMO?

2.Ukuhlelwa kweMIMO

Okokuqala, i-MIMO ebesiyichazile ngaphambili ibhekisa ekonyukeni okubalulekileyo kwesantya sothungelwano ekukhutshelweni.Kungenxa yokuba, okwangoku, sinemfuno eyomeleleyo yokukhuphela.Cinga ngako, unokukhuphela iividiyo ezininzi ze-GHz kodwa ulayishe ubukhulu becala iiMHz ezimbalwa.

Kuba i-MIMO ibizwa ngokuba ligalelo elininzi kunye neziphumo ezininzi, iindlela ezininzi zothumelo zenziwe zii-eriyali ezininzi.Ewe kunjalo, ayisiyiyo kuphela isikhululo esisisiseko esixhasa ukuhanjiswa kwe-eriyali ezininzi, kodwa ifowuni ephathwayo ikwadinga ukudibana nolwamkelo lwe-eriyali ezininzi.

Masijonge lo mzobo ulula ulandelayo: (Enyanisweni, i-eriyali yesikhululo esisisiseko inkulu, kwaye i-eriyali yefowuni ephathwayo incinci kwaye ifihliwe. Kodwa nangona izakhono ezahlukeneyo, zikwindawo enye yonxibelelwano.)

Ngokwenani lee-antenna zesiseko sesikhululo kunye neefowuni eziphathwayo, zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezine: SISO, SIMO, MISO kunye neMIMO.

SISO: Igalelo elinye kunye nePhumo elinye

I-SIMO: Igalelo elinye kunye neZiphumo ezininzi

I-MISO: IiNgeniso ezininzi kunye nePhulo elinye

I-MIMO: Iziphumo ezininzi kunye neziPhumo ezininzi

Masiqale nge-SISO:

Olona xwebhu lulula lunokuchazwa ngokwemigaqo ye-MIMO njenge-SISO – Igalelo eliLinye iPhumo elinye.Esi sidluliseli sisebenza nge-eriyali enye njenge des umamkeli.Akukho yantlukwano, kwaye akukho processing eyongezelelweyo efunekayo.

Kukho i-eriyali enye yesikhululo esisisiseko kunye nenye yefowuni ephathwayo;aziphazamisi omnye komnye—indlela yosulelo phakathi kwazo kuphela konxibelelwano.

Akungabazeki ukuba inkqubo enjalo ibuthathaka kakhulu, yindlela encinci.Naziphi na iimeko ezingalindelekanga ziya kuba yingozi ngqo kunxibelelwano.

I-SIMO ingcono kuba ulwamkelo lwefowuni luphuculwe.

Njengoko ubona, ifowuni ephathwayo ayikwazi ukutshintsha indawo engenazingcingo, ngoko ke iyatshintsha-ifowuni yongeza i-eriyali kuyo.

Ngale ndlela, umyalezo othunyelwe kwisikhululo sesiseko unokufikelela kwifowuni ephathwayo ngeendlela ezimbini!Kungenxa yokuba zombini zivela kwi-eriyali enye kwisikhululo esisezantsi kwaye zinokuthumela kuphela idatha efanayo.

Ngenxa yoko, akunamsebenzi nokuba ulahlekelwe yidatha ethile kwindlela nganye.Ngethuba nje ifowuni inokufumana ikopi kuyo nayiphi na indlela, nangona umthamo ophezulu uhlala ufana kwindlela nganye, ithuba lokufumana idatha ngempumelelo liphindwe kabini.Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi- receive diversity.

Yintoni i-MISO?

Ngamanye amazwi, ifowuni ephathwayo isenayo i-eriyali enye, kwaye inani lee-eriyali kwisikhululo esisisiseko linyuswe ukuya kwisibini.Kule meko, idatha efanayo ihanjiswa ukusuka kwii-antenna ezimbini zokuhambisa.Kwaye i-eriyali yomamkeli iyakwazi ukufumana isignali eyona ilungileyo kunye nedatha echanekileyo.

Inzuzo yokusebenzisa i-MISO kukuba i-eriyali ezininzi kunye nedatha zisuswa kumamkeli ukuya kumthumeli.Isikhululo esisisiseko sisenako ukuthumela idatha efanayo ngeendlela ezimbini;akunamsebenzi nokuba ulahlekelwe yidatha ethile;unxibelelwano lungaqhubeka ngesiqhelo.

Nangona ubukhulu bomthamo buhlala bufana, izinga lokuphumelela lonxibelelwano liphindwe kabini.Le ndlela ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-transmit diversity.

Okokugqibela, makhe sithethe nge-MIMO.

Kukho ngaphezu kwe-eriyali enye kuzo naziphi na iziphelo zekhonkco likanomathotholo, kwaye oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-MIMO -IiPhumo ezininzi zokuNgena.I-MIMO inokusetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngophuculo kukomelela kwetshaneli kunye nokuhanjiswa kwetshaneli.Isikhululo esisisiseko kunye necala elihambahambayo lingasebenzisa zombini ii-eriyali ukuthumela nokufumana ngokuzimeleyo, kwaye kuthetha ukuba isantya siphindwe kabini?

Ngale ndlela, kukho iindlela ezine zokuhambisa phakathi kwesikhululo sesiseko kunye nefowuni ephathwayo, ebonakala ngathi inzima kakhulu.Kodwa ukuze uqiniseke, kuba isikhululo esisisiseko kunye necala lefowuni ephathwayo zombini zineeriyali ezi-2, zinokuthumela kwaye zifumane idatha ezimbini ngaxeshanye.Ke ingakanani umthamo omkhulu we-MIMO wonyuka xa uthelekisa kwindlela enye?Ukususela kuhlalutyo lwangaphambili lwe-SIMO kunye ne-MISO, kubonakala ngathi amandla aphezulu axhomekeke kwinani le-eriyali kumacala omabini.

Iinkqubo ze-MIMO ziqhelekile njenge-A*B MIMO;A lithetha inani lee-eriyali zesikhululo esisisiseko, u-B uthetha inani lee-eriyali zefowuni ephathwayo.Cinga nge-4 * 4 MIMO kunye ne-4 * 2 MIMO.Ucinga ukuba sesiphi isikhundla esikhulu?

I-4 * 4 i-MIMO ingathumela kwaye ifumane iziteshi ze-4 ngaxeshanye, kwaye umthamo wayo ophezulu unokufikelela kumaxesha e-4 yenkqubo ye-SISO.I-4 * 2 MIMO inokufikelela kumaxesha e-2 kuphela inkqubo ye-SISO.

Oku kusebenzisa i-eriyali ezininzi kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zothumelo kwindawo yokuphindaphinda ukuthumela iikopi ezininzi zedatha eyahlukeneyo ngokuhambelana nokwandisa umthamo kubizwa ngokuba yi-space division multiplex.

Ke, ngaba amandla othumelo aphezulu kwinkqubo ye-MIMO?Masize kuvavanyo.

Sisathatha isikhululo esisisiseko kunye nefowuni ephathwayo kunye nee-eriyali ezi-2 njengomzekelo.Iyakuba yintoni indlela yothumelo phakathi kwabo?

Njengoko ubona, iindlela ezine zidlula kwi-fading efanayo kunye nokuphazamiseka, kwaye xa idatha ifikelela kwifowuni ephathekayo, ayinakukwazi ukwahlula.Ngaba le nto ayifani nendlela enye?Ngeli xesha, inkqubo ye-2*2 ye-MIMO ayifani nenkqubo ye-SISO?

Ngendlela efanayo, inkqubo ye-2 * 2 ye-MIMO inokwehla ibe yi-SIMO, i-MISO, kunye nezinye iinkqubo, oku kuthetha ukuba i-multiplex yokwahlulahlula indawo iyancitshiswa ibe yiyantlukwano yosasazo okanye ukwahluka kokwamkela, ukulindela kwesikhululo esisisiseko kuye kwancipha ekulandeleni isantya esiphezulu ukuya. ukuqinisekisa izinga lokufumana impumelelo.

Kwaye zifundwa njani iinkqubo zeMIMO kusetyenziswa iisimboli zezibalo?

3.Imfihlelo yetshaneli ye-MIMO

Iinjineli ziyathanda ukusebenzisa iisimboli zezibalo.

Iinjineli ziphawule idatha kwii-antenna ezimbini kwisikhululo sesiseko njenge-X1 kunye ne-X2, idatha evela kwii-antenna zeselula njenge-Y1 kunye ne-Y2, iindlela ezine zokuhambisa ziphawulwe njenge-H11, H12, H21, H22.

Kulula ukubala i-Y1 kunye ne-Y2 ngale ndlela.Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, umthamo we-2*2 MIMO unokufikelela kabini kwi-SISO, ngamanye amaxesha awukwazi, ngamanye amaxesha ude ufane ne-SISO.Uyicacisa njani?

Le ngxaki inokuchazwa ngolungelelwaniso lwejelo esisandula ukukhankanya-okukhona ulungelelwaniso luphezulu, kokukhona kunzima ukwahlula indlela nganye yothumelo n kwicala leeselula.Ukuba itshaneli iyafana, iiequations ezimbini ziba nye, ngoko ke inye kuphela indlela yokuyidlulisela.

Ngokucacileyo, imfihlo yetshaneli ye-MIMO ilele kwisigwebo sokuzimela kwendlela yothumelo.Oko kukuthi, imfihlo ilele kwi-H11, H12, H21, kunye ne-H22.Iinjineli zenza lula inxaki ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Iinjineli zazama ukwenza lula i-H1, i-H12, i-H21, kunye ne-H22, ngolunye utshintsho oluyinkimbinkimbi, i-equation kwaye ekugqibeleni iguqulelwe kwifomula.

Amagalelo amabini X'1 kunye no X'2, phinda-phinda i-λ1 kunye no-λ2, ungafumana u-Y'1 kunye no-Y'2.Athetha ntoni amaxabiso λ1 kunye λ2?

Kukho imatrix entsha.I-matrix enedatha kwidiagonal enye ibizwa ngokuba yi-diagonal matrix.Inani ledatha engekho zero kwi-diagonal ibizwa ngokuba yirenki ye-matrix.Kwi-2*2 MIMO, ibhekisa kumaxabiso angeyo-zero ka-λ1 kunye ne-λ2.

Ukuba irenki yi-1, oko kuthetha ukuba inkqubo ye-2 * 2 ye-MIMO idityaniswe kakhulu kwindawo yothumelo, okuthetha ukuba i-MIMO yehla ukuya kwi-SISO okanye i-SIMO kwaye inokufumana kwaye idlulisele yonke idatha ngexesha elinye.

Ukuba irenki yi-2, ke inkqubo ineendlela ezimbini ezizimeleyo zesithuba.Inokuthumela kwaye ifumane idatha ngexesha elinye.

Ngoko ke, ukuba irenki ngu-2, ingaba umthamo wala majelo osasazo mabini aphindwe kabini kunesinye?Impendulo ilele kumlinganiselo we-λ1 kunye no-λ2, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-conditional number.

Ukuba inani lemeko ngu-1, ithetha ukuthi λ1 kwaye λ2 ziyafana;banokuzimela okuphezulu.Umthamo we-2 * 2 inkqubo ye-MIMO inokufikelela kubuninzi.

Ukuba inani lemeko liphezulu kuno-1, ithetha ukuba i-λ1 kunye ne-λ2 zahlukile.Nangona kunjalo, kukho iziteshi ezimbini zendawo, kwaye umgangatho uhlukile, ngoko inkqubo iya kubeka izibonelelo eziphambili kwitshaneli ngomgangatho ongcono.Ngale ndlela, i-2 * 2 ye-MIMO umthamo wenkqubo yi-1 okanye i-2 amaxesha enkqubo ye-SISO.

Nangona kunjalo, ulwazi luveliswa ngexesha lokuhanjiswa kwendawo emva kokuba isikhululo sesiseko sithumela idatha.Isikhululo esisisiseko sazi njani ixesha lokuthumela itshaneli enye okanye ezimbini?

Musa ukulibala, kwaye akukho zimfihlo phakathi kwabo.Ifowuni ephathwayo iya kuthumela imo yesitishi esilinganisiweyo, umgangatho wothumelo lwematriksi, kunye neengcebiso zokowukhowudwa kwangaphambili kwisikhululo esisisiseko ukuze kubhekiselwe kuzo.

Ngeli xesha, ndicinga ukuba siyabona ukuba i-MIMO ijika ibe yinto enjalo.